Trends in larval densities, spawning timing, and site quality of capelin (<i>Mallotus villosus</i>) across bays and habitats in Newfoundland, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Capelin is a short-lived forage fish species that underwent a population collapse in 1991 on the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelf, Canada (Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Divisions 2J3KL) and has not recovered. The collapsed stock is characterized by delayed spawning timing and low recruitment. As year-class strength is set early in life, long-term larval monitoring at an intertidal spawning site in Trinity Bay (TB) is used as a proxy for stock-wide recruitment. Capelin spawn at both intertidal and subtidal habitats; however, there is minimal larval information from bays with a high incidence of subtidal spawning. We aimed to (i) compare inter-annual trends in temperatures, timing of spawning, and annual larval densities between two northeastern bays [TB and Notre Dame Bay (NDB)] and (ii) compare habitat quality metrics and larval densities between subtidal and intertidal sites in NDB. The date of first spawning in TB and NDB was positively correlated, suggesting that years with delayed spawning are experienced shelf-wide. While larval density was lower in NDB compared to TB, inter-annual trends were similar. In NDB, larval densities at both intertidal and subtidal spawning habitats were similar within a year, but temperatures and the proportion of dead eggs were lower at subtidal sites. These habitat quality metrics, however, were not related to annual larval density. These findings improve our knowledge on sources of capelin productivity, including the potential importance of subtidal spawning to recruitment dynamics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".