Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blockchain technology continues to emerge as one of the most revolutionary developments of the digital transformation era. This technology has the potential to transform industries by creating a new decentralized platform for securely storing, sharing, and exchanging data. The most important feature of blockchain technology is its decentralization and ability to associate users with precise security policies. Unlike traditional systems that rely on a centralized authority, the blockchain operates on a distributed network of computational units that work together to validate transactions. This means that there is no single point of failure, and the system is resistant to hacking and cyberattacks. Additionally, blockchain is a secure platform that ensures the integrity of every single transaction across the network. Transactions are validated by a network of computers, and once validated, they are recorded on the ledger permanently. The immutable nature of the blockchain ledger ensures that it remains unaltered and undeletable. This feature makes the blockchain ideal for storing sensitive data, such as financial records, medical records, and personal information. The security of the blockchain is one of the reasons why it has become a popular technology in the financial industry, and it is an interesting area of study for those interested in developing secure systems. Another important feature of the blockchain is its transparency. All transactions on the blockchain are public and can be viewed by anyone on the network. This means that there is no need for a central authority to verify transactions, and users can trust the system without the need for intermediaries. Then, the smart self-executing contracts that are programmed on the blockchain. They are triggered by specific events and can automatically execute transactions without the need for intermediaries. These blockchain features are introducing innovative use cases across multiple industries that were previously impossible to implement. In this chapter, we will discuss the motivation for widespread adoption of blockchains, opportunities for innovation, applied industrial use cases, and how some of those ideas are presented in this book chapters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.482 | 0.330 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".