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Record W4386558807 · doi:10.1109/tg.2023.3313121

Leveraging the OPT Large Language Model for Sentiment Analysis of Game Reviews

2023· article· en· W4386558807 on OpenAlex
Markos Viggiato, Cor‐Paul Bezemer

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Transactions on Games · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicTopic Modeling
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Alberta
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer scienceTerminologySentiment analysisClassifier (UML)Artificial intelligenceNatural language processingField (mathematics)Machine learningLinguistics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Automatically extracting players' sentiments about games can help game developers to better understand the aspects of their games that players like or dislike. Our prior work showed that traditional sentiment analysis techniques do not perform well on game reviews. However, the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field has seen a steep progress in recent years. In this letter, we follow up on our prior work and investigate how a state-of-the-art large language model (OPT-175B) performs on the sentiment classification of game reviews. We manually analyze the game reviews wrongly classified by OPT-175B to better understand the issues that affect the performance of that model and how those issues compare to the challenges faced by traditional classifiers. We found that OPT-175B achieves (far) better performance than traditional sentiment classifiers, with a 72%-increased F-measure and a 30%-increased AUC compared to the best traditional classifier studied in our prior work. We also found that common challenges of traditional classifiers, such as reviews with game comparisons and negative terminology, have been mostly solved by the OPT-175B model.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.969
Threshold uncertainty score0.284

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.051
GPT teacher head0.313
Teacher spread0.261 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it