Simplifying glycan monitoring of complex antigens such as the SARS-CoV-2 spike to accelerate vaccine development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glycosylation is a key quality attribute that must be closely monitored for protein therapeutics. Established assays such as HILIC-Fld of released glycans and LC-MS of glycopeptides work well for glycoproteins with a few glycosylation sites but are less amenable for those with multiple glycosylation sites, resulting in complex datasets that are time consuming to generate and difficult to analyze. As part of efforts to improve preparedness for future pandemics, researchers are currently assessing where time can be saved in the vaccine development and production process. In this context, we evaluated if neutral and acidic monosaccharides analysis via HPAEC-PAD could be used as a rapid and robust alternative to LC-MS and HILIC-Fld for monitoring glycosylation between protein production batches. Using glycoengineered spike proteins we show that the HPAEC-PAD monosaccharide assays could quickly and reproducibly detect both major and minor glycosylation differences between batches. Moreover, the monosaccharide results aligned well with those obtained by HILIC-Fld and LC-MS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".