Effect of tailings fines content on leakage though circular geomembrane holes overlain by saturated tailings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coupled physical and hydraulic experiments are conducted to quantify leakage through circular geomembrane holes with diameters of 10 mm, 20 mm, and 50 mm. Three different tailings, fine-grained tailings with fines content of 90 % and d 10 of 1 μm (denoted as T1), silty sand tailings with fines content of 30 % and d 10 of 20 μm (denoted as T2), silty sand tailings with fines content of 20 % and d 10 of 40 μm (denoted as T3), are examined. The effective stress and pore pressure in the tailings above geomembrane and remote from the hole are ~170 kPa and ~350 kPa, respectively. It is shown that leakage through geomembrane hole is proportional to the hole radius (and not the area) for each type of tailings, and highly dependent on the fines content of the tailings. For example, the leakage for T2 and T3 tailings are 1.8-fold and 65-fold greater than that for the T1 tailings, respectively, for a given hole size. The practical implications are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".