Effect of aged geomembrane extrusion welding on antioxidant depletion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-density polyethylene geomembranes (HDPE GMBs) are in-situ welded to create an “impermeable seal”. Extrusion welds are primarily used for repairs, curves, and other welds not accessible to fusion welding machines. A welding rod which is fed into the extrusion machine is made from the same raw materials for adherence/compatibility requirements between the two materials. The examined geomembrane was welded using preheat and barrel temperatures of 230°C and 250°C, respectively. In a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, an extrusion weld facing upward will be in contact with leachate that can lead to chemical degradation. In this paper, the antioxidant depletion rate from welding bead and HDPE GMB sheet away from welding immersed in MSW landfill simulation is examined over an 11-month period at 85°C, 75°C, and 65°C. Preliminary results shows that antioxidant depletion rate of the welding bead was faster than that for the GMB sheet material at lower temperatures (i.e. 65°C)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".