“Parents don’t know they have the option to say no”: the experiences of Caribbean and Latin American parents navigating special education in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines ways Latin American and Black Caribbean parents navigate special education programs in Ontario’s education system. Based on qualitative interviews with parents, the findings suggest that racialized immigrant parents must find ways to navigate the system as newcomers while also addressing the intended and unintended effects of special education programs for their children. Parents described the exclusionary processes used in special education assessments and acknowledged that unequal access to resources excluded them from decision-making processes affecting their children’s learning. Using tenets of Disability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit), this article centres on the intersections of race and ability to reveal how the normalcy of whiteness, coupled with systemic ableism embedded in Ontario’s education system, creates barriers for racialized parents who are trying to support their children’s learning. Importantly, newcomer parents must challenge deficit narratives to ensure that their children can access equitable opportunities for academic success.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".