Unraveling the phase diagram-ion transport relationship in aqueous electrolyte solutions and correlating conductivity with concentration and temperature by semi-empirical modeling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between structure and ion transport in liquid electrolyte solutions is not well understood over the whole concentration and temperature ranges. In this work, we have studied the ionic conductivity (κ) as a function of molar fraction (x) and Temperature (T) for aqueous solutions of salts with nitrate anion and different cations (proton, lithium, calcium, and ammonium) along with their liquid-solid phase diagrams. The connection between the known features in the phase diagrams and the ionic conductivity isotherms is established with an insight on the conductivity mechanism. Also, known isothermal (κ vs.. x) and iso-compositional (κ vs.. T) equations along with a proposed two variables semi-empirical model (κ = f (x, T)) were fitted to the collected data to validate their accuracy. The role of activation energy and free volume in controlling ionic conductivity is discussed. This work brings us closer to the development of a phenomenological model to describe the structure and transport in liquid electrolyte solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".