Comparing the germination, growth, and morphology of native Canadian and commercially sourced seeds of wood-poppy (<i>Stylophorum diphyllum</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wood-poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum (Michaux) Nuttall [Papaveraceae]) is listed as endangered under Canada’s Species at Risk Act. Five extant populations are in Canada. One potential recovery strategy for S. diphyllum is to augment existing populations and (or) establish new populations via conservation translocation. While seeds are sold in the nursery trade, few studies have been published on ex situ germination and propagation. Predictions are that Canadian populations are genetically distinct from US populations, but no studies have tested for phenotypic differences between plants from these sources. We collected, stratified, and sowed seeds from 2 of the native Canadian populations and 3 commercial seed companies and grew them in a common garden. We achieved a germination rate of 53% for seed from Canadian populations and 44% for commercial seeds following 2 mo stratification at 25 °C (77 °F) and 2 mo at 4 °C (39 °F). Plants from 1 Canadian population grew faster, produced more leaves, differed in leaf and seed morphology, and had fewer trichomes than the plants of commercial origin. These results show that S. diphyllum can be propagated successfully from Canadian seed sources and that Canadian S. diphyllum populations are likely phenotypically distinct from commercial stock. Our findings will inform the development of a translocation strategy and set the stage for genetic analysis of these populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".