Asymmetric Π‐Bridge Engineering Enables High‐Permittivity Benzo[1,2‐B:4,5‐b′]Difuran‐Conjugated Polymer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit complex charge dynamics, which are closely correlated with the dielectric constant (ɛr) of photovoltaic materials. In this work, a series of novel conjugated copolymers based on benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]difuran (BDF) and benzotriazole (BTz) is designed and synthesized, which differ by the nature of π‐bridge from one another. The PBDF‐TF‐BTz with asymmetric furan and thiophene π‐bridge demonstrates a larger ɛr of 4.22 than PBDF‐dT‐BTz with symmetric thiophene π‐bridge (3.15) and PBDF‐dF‐BTz with symmetric furan π‐bridge (3.90). The PBDF‐TF‐BTz also offers more favorable molecular packing and appropriate miscibility with non‐fullerene acceptor Y6 than its counterparts. The corresponding PBDF‐TF‐BTz:Y6 OSCs display efficient exciton dissociation, fast charge transport and collection, and reduced charge recombination, eventually leading to a power conversion efficiency of 17.01%. When introducing a fullerene derivative (PCBO‐12) as a third component, the PBDF‐TF‐BTz:Y6:PCBO‐12 OSCs yield a remarkable FF of 80.11% with a high efficiency of 18.10%, the highest value among all reported BDF‐polymer‐based OSCs. This work provides an effective approach to developing high‐permittivity photovoltaic materials, showcasing PBDF‐TF‐BTz as a promising polymer donor for constructing high‐performance OSCs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".