Cardiovascular reflex contributions to sympathetic inhibition during low intensity dynamic leg exercise in healthy middle‐age
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aging augments resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and sympatho‐inhibition during mild dynamic 1‐leg exercise. To elucidate which reflexes elicit exercise‐induced inhibition, we recruited 19 (9 men) healthy volunteers (mean age 56 ± 9 SD years), assessed their peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), and, on another day, measured heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and MSNA (microneurography) at rest and during 1‐leg cycling (2 min each at 0 load and 30%–40% VO 2peak ), 3 times: (1) seated +2 min of postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) (elicit muscle metaboreflex); (2) supine (stimulate cardiopulmonary baroreflexes);and (3) seated, breathing 32% oxygen (suppress peripheral chemoreceptor reflex). While seated, MSNA decreased similarly during mild and moderate exercise ( p < 0.001) with no increase during PECO ( p = 0.44). Supine posture lowered resting MSNA (main effect p = 0.01) BP and HR. MSNA fell further ( p = 0.04) along with diastolic BP and HR during mild, not moderate, supine cycling. Hyperoxia attenuated resting (main effect p = 0.01), but not exercise MSNA. In healthy middle‐age, the cardiopulmonary baroreflex and arterial chemoreflex modulate resting MSNA, but contrary to previous observations in young subjects, without counter‐regulatory offset by the sympatho‐excitatory metaboreflex, resulting in an augmented sympatho‐inhibitory response to mild dynamic leg exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".