Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries
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Abstract
This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine boundaries are transgressed, suggesting that Earth is now well outside of the safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification is close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds the boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered. The transgression level has increased for all boundaries earlier identified as overstepped. As primary production drives Earth system biosphere functions, human appropriation of net primary production is proposed as a control variable for functional biosphere integrity. This boundary is also transgressed. Earth system modeling of different levels of the transgression of the climate and land system change boundaries illustrates that these anthropogenic impacts on Earth system must be considered in a systemic context.
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The record
- Venue
- Science Advances
- Topic
- Sustainability and Ecological Systems Analysis
- Field
- Environmental Science
- Canadian institutions
- Global Institute for Water SecurityUniversity of SaskatchewanUniversity of Victoria
- Funders
- —
- Keywords
- BiospherePlanetary boundariesContext (archaeology)Earth system scienceBoundary (topology)Environmental scienceGeologyEarth scienceOceanographyEcologyBiologyPaleontologySustainable developmentMathematics
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes