Supplying social housing and preserving inexpensive rental units: a comparative case study of the municipal right of first refusal in Montreal and Berlin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The municipal right of first refusal presents an emerging market intervention to study as it rethinks the forces that shape access to low-cost housing. This paper compares the right of first refusal in Montréal as a tool to supply social housing and the right of first refusal in Berlin as a tool to prevent displacement. To elaborate on this little known right, the context surrounding each case’s adoption, intended impact, and selection of areas for the use of this tool is explored in depth. These distinct cases show a range of considerations in relation to the concept of social mix in areas of transformation and active real estate markets, devolution of authority, and involvement of mission-oriented housing organizations. Overall, this contextual analysis provides relevant information for evaluation and offers new information to municipalities looking to address deeper housing affordability for low to moderate income households. Keywords: An article on municipal interventions in the housing market, used the key words: housing affordability, rental, Montreal, Berlin, displacement, social housing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".