Crowns in Egyptian Funerary Literature: Royalty, Rebirth, and Destruction, by Katja Goebs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The red primeval ocean lapping around the feet of the arched sky-goddess Nut at sunrise, just after she has given birth to the sungod' is one interpretation of CT 407, suggests Katja Goebs, associate professor of Egyptology in the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations at the University of Toronto.Basing her theory on the pictures of Nut in the cenotaph of Seti I at Abydos (pi.8-p.466) and the caption dsrt m-ht ms rwn "redness"or "the Red One" (using the hieroglyph for the Red Crown) "is after the birth", and thus describes "the effect of the sun's birth (from between the thighs of the sky-goddess) and subsequent plunge into the primeval ocean at her feet-a red flood.From there the god flies up along Nut's thighs as the solar beetle Khepri, to travel along her belly as Re " (3:194).The imagery Goebs presents is vivid, evocative and insightful.She arranges her material to distinguish between the White, luminous, bright crowns Wrrt and Hdt, and the Red, fiery, bloody crown dsrt, wldt and nt, as symbols of divinely sanctioned royalty and order commenting, where necessary, on other identifiers for these crowns as they appear in the spells.The second (2:33-174) and third chapters (3:175-358) are dedicated to the exegesis of a corpus of funerary spells chosen by Goebs which best illustrate the place and purpose of the crowns in both royal and cosmic domains.Goebs' enquiry leads her to identify the 'aspect of transfiguration' sought; 'retrace the succession of events leading up to, and constituting, the transfiguration; determine the function of the crown within this process; and to ascertain the role of the deities involved-either as independent actors or as divine archetypes into which the deceased wishes to be transformed-'to give a picture of their particular functions as funerary and cosmic deities' (2:34).As Goebs reminds her readers in her introduction 'Egyptology has traditionally devoted much of its research effort to the study of religion, in particular to that of funerary beliefs' (1:1).Her work on the role of crowns carries on this tradition.The texts analyzed clearly ' describe both the events of the deceased king' s ascent to the sky and associated cultic procedures aiming to induce that ascent, so that he could join, sun, moon, or
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".