Identification and application in plant of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seventy-eight endophytic bacteria isolated from 15 plant samples in Thailand including 50 isolates from sugarcane root samples obtained from 6 Provinces and 28 isolates from stems and leaves of healthy plants in Kanchanaburi Province, were identified and evaluated for plant growth promoting capability using rice as a plant model. They were identified as Gluconacetobacter (37 isolates), Pantoea (14 isolates), Burkholderia (2 isolates), Pseudomonas (4 isolates), Priestia (4 isolates), Enterobacter (2 isolates), Acinetobacter (2 isolates), Novosphingobium (2 isolates), Curtobacterium (2 isolates), and each of Nguyenibacter, Aureimonas, Bacillus, Peribacillus, Sphingobium, Staphylococcus, Brevibacillus, Aneurinibacillus, and Pseudarthrobacter based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analyzes. According to the 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, strain Sx8-5T was a member of genus Novosphingobium and shared the highest sequence similarity to Novosphingobium barchaimii LL02T of 99.4% and other Novosphingobium species (<99.4%). The ANIb and ANIm values of whole genome comparison between strain Sx8-5T and seven closely related type strains were 72.33-82.14%, 83.82-87.38%, respectively, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values ranged from 21.0% to 28.6% when compared to the type strains of the member of Novosphingobium. Based on the results obtained, demonstrated that strain Sx8-5T represents a novel species of the genus Novosphingobium, the name Novosphingobium kaempferiae sp. nov. is proposed. Sixty-one strains were positive in fixing nitrogen through nitrogenase activity by converting of N2 in the air to ammonia, which was supported by nif genes found in the genome of G. dulcium PS25. Sixty-nine strains were able to solubilize tricalcium phosphate (SI=1.18-4.4) and 72 strains were able to solubilize zinc oxide (SI=1.59-5.6). Sixteen strains could produce IAA (6.13 to 202.25 ?g/mL) in NF medium supplemented with 0.01% L-tryptophan, a main precursor for IAA biosynthesis. The maximum IAA produced by the Sphingobium sp. Sx8-8 increased to 232.1 ?g/mL at optimized conditions: pH 7, 30oC, 0.5% L-tryptophan and 48 h cultivation. In in vitro 2 rice varieties germination, the Sphingobium sp. Sx8-8 and Pantoea sp. S5-1 increased root length (4.83, 3.24 cm), shoot length (18.7, 13.75 cm) and number of lateral roots of rice RD6' seedlings more than control and standard IAA, similar to Aureimonas sp. SK2, G. dulcium PS25 and G. liquefaciens LSG1 significantly increased root length (3.09-3.49 cm), shoot length (10.14-11.21 cm), number of lateral roots, and biomass of Khao Dawk Mali 105' rice seedlings. This study indicated that endophytic bacteria could potentially promote plant growth and be utilized as bioinoculant or biofertilizers in agriculture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".