Focus on 4D materials design and additive manufacturing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Four-dimensional (4D) printing involves the creation of materials that can change their shape, structure, or functionality over time in response to external stimuli. This incredible adaptability opens new possibilities in fields ranging from robotics to biomedical applications. This focus issue in Smart Materials and Structures is dedicated to the latest research in the dynamic field of 4D materials design and additive manufacturing. With a rapidly evolving landscape, we aimed to explore various exciting topics that are at the forefront of scientific advancements. This focus issue shed light on the current industrial applications of 4D printing. In fields such as medical, aerospace, automotive, defense, and mechanical engineering, 4D printing has already made significant strides. From customized implants and prosthetics in healthcare to adaptive structures and components in aerospace and automotive industries, the practical applications of 4D printing are diverse and impactful. This focus issue includes nine original research articles jointly made by involvement of more than 30 active academics in the field from diverse international centres and universities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".