Inhibition of Return in a 3D Scene Depends on the Direction of Depth Switch Between Cue and Target
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inhibition of Return (IOR) is a phenomenon that reflects slower target detection when the target appears at a previously cued rather than uncued location. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which IOR occurs in 3D scenes comprised of pictorial depth cues. Peripheral cues and targets appeared on top of 3D rectangular boxes placed on the surface of a textured ground plane in virtual space. It was revealed that when the target appeared at a farther location than the cue, the magnitude of the lateral IOR effect remained similar regardless of whether cues and targets appeared at different depths (i.e., IOR was depth-blind). When the target appeared at a nearer location than the cue, the magnitude of the lateral IOR effect was significantly attenuated (i.e., IOR was depth-specific). The present findings address inconsistencies in the literature on the effect of depth on IOR and support the notion that visuospatial attention exhibits a near space advantage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".