Na<sub>4–<i>x</i></sub>Sn<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>Sb<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ge<sub>5</sub>O<sub>16</sub>, an Air-Stable Solid-State Na-Ion Conductor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The structure of a Na 4 Sn 2 Ge 5 O 16 phase was established via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Unusually large displacement parameters of Na atoms suggested the possibility of Na + ionic conductivity. To create Na deficiencies and thus increase the Na + mobility in Na 4 Sn 2 Ge 5 O 16, Sn 4+ cations were partially substituted with Sb 5+ . A series of Na 4– x Sn 2– x Sb x Ge 5 O 16 samples ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, or 0.35) were prepared by solid-state reactions and characterized with electrical impedance spectroscopy in the range of 25–200 °C. The highest ionic conductivity value was achieved in the Na 3.8 Sn 1.8 Sb 0.2 Ge 5 O 16 sample (1.6 mS cm –1 at 200 °C). Na + migration pathways were calculated using the bond-valence energy landscape approach, and two-dimensional conductivity channels with low energy barriers (≈0.4 eV) were found in the structure. Three-dimensional conductivity can also be achieved in the structure; however, it has a much higher energy barrier. The pristine phase and Na 3.8 Sn 1.8 Sb 0.2 Ge 5 O 16 sample were studied via 23 Na and 119 Sn solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. A faster exchange between the Na sites was observed in the doped sample.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".