(Invited) Discovery of Longer Fullertubes: From Synthesis to Isolation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our recent laboratory findings are resulting in a growing list of newly discovered molecules within fullertube families. We are now isolating these individual fullertubes of increasing length in pure and pristine form. We now observe solubility of these fullertubes in organic solvents; hence it is unnecessary to use polymer wrapping or external derivatization that destroys the pristine fullertubular belt with pendant soluble groups. Initial purification and seminal characterization experiments for fullertubes in JACS, Angewandte Chemie, and Nanoscale (2020-2022) are generating excitement for application development. Likewise, investigations into the fundamental science of new fullertubes are also gathering momentum as scientists curiously and eagerly await their first characterization. For historical context, the timeline of laboratory purified and unfunctionalized (pristine) fullertubes is [5,5] C90-D5h(1) in 2010, [5,5] C100-D5d(1) in 2020, and [5,5] C120-D5d(1) in 2022. A recurring question asked to me at conferences is “To what lengths can fullertubes be extended?” For this reason, I will discuss our most recent findings and explorations into longer fullertubes with higher aspect ratios. Figure 1
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".