Multi‐Functional Atomically Thin Oxides from Bismuth Liquid Metal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Atomically thin, mechanically flexible, memory‐functional, and power‐generating crystals play a crucial role in the technological advancement of portable devices. However, the adoption of these crystals in such technologies is sometimes impeded by expensive and laborious synthesis methods, as well as the need for large‐scale, mechanically stable, and air‐stable materials. Here, an instant‐in‐air liquid metal printing process utilizing liquid bismuth (Bi) is presented, forming naturally occurring, air‐stable, atomically thin, mechanically flexible nanogenerators and ferroelectric oxides. Despite the centrosymmetric nature of the monoclinic P21/c system of achieved α‐Bi 2 O 3‐δ the high kinetics of liquid metal synthesis leads to the formation of vacancies that disrupt the symmetry which is confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The polarization switching is measured and utilized for ferroelectric nanopatterning. The exceptional attributes of these atomically thin multifunctional stable oxides, including piezoelectricity, mechanical flexibility, and polarizability, present significant opportunities for developing nano‐components that can be seamlessly integrated into a wide range of devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".