Experimental Validation of a New Power-Equivalent Magnetic Permeability Model for Induction Heating Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article discusses a recently published methodology to determine the time-harmonic (TH) effective magnetic permeability used to simulate induction heating problems comprising non-linear and hysteretic materials. The model and its implementation in a whole multiphysics numerical scheme are first shown and calibrated with temperature-dependent magnetic measurements for simulating the specific behavior of an AISI 4340 working steel piece during the induction heating process. Then, the experimental setup designed to send${\sim }4$kW of heating power in steel disks is explained. The setup allows the disks to reach the austenitization and Curie temperature of steel in 30 s. The temperature distributions were measured with an infrared (IR) thermal camera and compared with the simulation both in space and time during the heating. In addition to being numerically inexpensive, the computational model successfully predicts the temperature within 10% of accuracy between$200 ^{\circ} \text{C}$and$800 ^{\circ} \text{C}$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".