Experimental Infection Of Aquatic Bird Bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1) In Canada Geese (Branta canadensis)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1) has a high prevalence of infection in certain North American populations of Canada geese (Branta canadensis), suggesting a possible role of these birds as an ABBV-1 reservoir. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of Canada geese to become experimentally infected with ABBV-1, develop lesions, and transmit the virus to conspecifics. One-week-old Canada geese (n, 65) were inoculated with ABBV-1 through the intramuscular (IM) or cloacal (CL) routes, with the control group receiving carrier only. An additional 6 geese were added to each group to test horizontal transmission (sentinel birds). Geese were monitored daily, and selected birds were euthanized at 1, 8, and 15-weeks post infection (wpi) to assess virus replication in tissues and lesion development. At 15 wpi, over 70% of IM birds were infected, while the CL route yielded only 1 infected goose. Of the infected IM geese, 26% developed encephalitis and/or myelitis after 8 wpi. No clinical signs were observed, and no sentinel birds became infected in any group. Only 1 oropharyngeal swab (IM group) tested positive for ABBV-1 RNA, while the water from the enclosures was consistently negative for virus RNA. This study documents successful experimental infection of Canada geese with ABBV-1, with findings comparable to what is described in infection trials with other waterfowl species. However, minimal shedding and lack of environmental dispersal indicate that Canada geese have little potential to disseminate the virus among wild waterfowl, and that other species could be better suited to act as chronic ABBV-1 shedders in the wild.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".