Development of a novel cartridge for expansive cement application to hard rock breakage
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Expansive cement (EC) is generally a slurry that it is poured into vertical holes for surface rock breakage applications. This paper describes the development of a novel cartridge for extending EC applications from gravity-filled vertical holes to horizontal, uptilted, and wet boreholes. Four cartridge prototypes were made from low-cost and readily available plastics using three-dimensional printers. The performance of each cartridge was investigated in unconfined rock slab tests. The polylactic acid (PLA) cartridge was found to be superior to the thermoplastic polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene cartridges. Through partial heat containment, the PLA cartridge accelerated the EC hydraulic reaction and shortened the onset of rock destruction by 30% relative to vertical, gravity-filled EC. Finally, rock breakage with EC was demonstrated in an underground mine using PLA cartridges. This novel type of cartridge could not only suit various applications beyond the scope of the current EC surface applications but also significantly improve the rock fracturing efficiency of EC.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it