Exceptional-point-enhanced sensing in an all-fiber bending sensor
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An exceptional-point (EP) enhanced fiber-optic bending sensor is reported. The sensor is implemented based on parity-time (PT)-symmetry using two coupled Fabry-Perot (FP) resonators consisting of three cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed in an erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber (EYDF). The EP is achieved by controlling the pumping power to manipulate the gain and loss of the gain and loss FP resonators. Once a bending force is applied to the gain FP resonator to make the operation of the system away from its EP, frequency splitting occurs, and the frequency spacing is a nonlinear function of the bending curvature, with an increased slope near the EP. Thus, by measuring the frequency spacing, the bending information is measured with increased sensitivity. To achieve high-speed and high-resolution interrogation, the optical spectral response of the sensor is converted to the microwave domain by implementing a dual-passband microwave-photonic filter (MPF), with the spacing between the two passbands equal to that of the frequency splitting. The proposed sensor is evaluated experimentally. A curvature sensing range from 0.28 to 2.74 m<sup>−1</sup> is achieved with an accuracy of 7.56×10<sup>−4</sup> m<sup>−1</sup> and a sensitivity of 1.32 GHz/m<sup>−1</sup>, which is more than 4 times higher than those reported previously.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it