Frequency-Dependent Electrical Characteristics of Submarine Cables in Low Frequency High Voltage ac (LF-HVac) Transmission for Offshore Wind
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low frequency high voltage ac (LF-HVac) transmission has been proposed as a bulk power transfer alternative to either the conventional 50/60 Hz HVac or the high voltage dc (HVdc) schemes. In LF-HVac transmission, the suggestion is to use fractional values of the conventional 50/60 Hz as the ac operating frequency. Doing so would considerably increase the power transfer capacity of a given transmission cable, extend the range, reduce losses, and improve voltage and dynamic stability of the system. Grid integration of remote offshore wind farms has been identified as the most promising potential application of LF-HVac. Thus, this paper presents a study on the electrical characteristics and performance of submarine cables with respect to the operating frequency. The findings indicate that LF-HVac operation of a cable system would achieve superior power handling capacity and efficiency when compared to HVac operation of the same cable system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".