How socioeconomic status shapes the association of social leisure with well-being
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) or social class and leisure are closely linked, with leisure often seen as a marker of social class or social class constraining or facilitating access to leisure. Another way to examine social class and leisure is to consider the psychological impact of SES. Themes of individualism and collectivism have been linked to social class, namely, those with lower SES value collectivism and those with higher SES value individualism. We tested these patterns with population-based data by examining the association of more or less socially focused leisure with well-being, moderated by SES. Socially focused leisure was associated with greater life satisfaction and sense of belonging and lower levels of self-rated stress for those with lower SES compared to higher SES. These findings show the value in considering how social class has an impact on psychological perspectives and the differing importance of social leisure for well-being based on SES.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".