DSA-BEATS: Dual Self-Attention N-BEATS Model for Forecasting COVID-19 Hospitalization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The high number of hospitalization cases of COVID-19 made public health providers overloaded. Forecasting the number of hospitalized patients related to COVID-19 can help public health providers to make informed decisions for controlling the spread. In this study, we present the Dual Self-Attention NBEATS (DSA-BEATS) model, a novel approach that effectively combines the self-attention mechanism of transformers with the proficiency of the N-BEATS model in dealing with multivariate forecasting problems. We expanded the dataset to a multivariate one by including data from Canadian transportation hub cities and SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in wastewater, which allowed for a more comprehensive modeling of the complex relationships impacting COVID-19 hospitalizations. These transportation hub cities were the major ports of entry for international travelers coming to the country. The DSA-BEATS model was tested on a 55-day test set with a 12-day horizon, resulting in a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 14.23%, which implies an accuracy of 85.77%. These results demonstrate substantial improvements over state-of-the-art models such as N-BEATS and Informer, validating the efficacy of the DSA-BEATS model in accurately predicting COVID-19 hospitalizations. The study provides a significant contribution to the ongoing development of enhanced timeseries forecasting methods, particularly in the context of public health crises. The DSA-BEATS model’s ability to capture complex temporal relationships and effectively handle multivariate data inputs underscores its potential in a wide range of forecasting tasks beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".