Bibliographic record
Abstract
Throughout the nineteenth century, Americans reinvented and embraced Christmas, creating a family-centered, cultural and commercial phenomenon that became a federal holiday in the United States.Washington Irving's The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, gent.(1819) is said to have "invented" many of the Yuletide traditions we know today.Clement Clarke Moore's iconic version of Santa Claus in "An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas" (1822), more popularly known as "Twas The Night Before Christmas," was immortalized in 1881 by the political cartoonist Thomas Nast.During the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Christmas expanded into a "season" of its own that has become more than shopping, blending religious and secular customs with family traditions that incorporate food, decorations, and rituals from other places.For many Americans, Christmas is a period of general goodwill and an occasion for charitable and volunteer work.This special issue of The Journal of American Culture considers the culture of the American Christmas.Potential topics range from the beginnings of Christmas in America to the present day and could include, but are not limited to, papers that consider the outlawing of Christmas, Christmas riots, the beginnings of the family-centered Christmas, religious rituals of the American Christmas, Yuletide fashions and styles, Christmas costumes, Christmas comestibles, the history and manufacturing of Christmas toys, commercialism and the holiday season, consumption patterns and trends of Christmas shoppers, Hollywood's contribution to the Yuletide spirit, the history and traditions of the American Christmas tree, regional celebrations of Christmas, beloved Christmas characters, Yuletide icons, Christmas cult films and television shows, unsung Christmas heroes, the material culture of the American Christmas, Christmas rituals, and the music of Christmas in America.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".