Quantitative Ultrasound for Evaluation of Tumour Response to Ultrasound-Microbubbles and Hyperthermia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Prior study has demonstrated the implementation of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) for determining the therapy response in breast tumour patients. Several QUS parameters quantified from the tumour region showed a significant correlation with the patient's clinical and pathological response. In this study, we aim to identify if there exists such a link between QUS parameters and changes in tumour morphology due to combined ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) and hyperthermia (HT) using the breast xenograft model (MDA-MB-231). Method: Tumours grown in the hind leg of severe combined immuno-deficient mice were treated with permutations of USMB and HT. Ultrasound radiofrequency data were collected using a 25 MHz array transducer, from breast tumour-bearing mice prior and post-24-hour treatment. Result: Our result demonstrated an increase in the QUS parameters the mid-band fit and spectral 0-MHz intercept with an increase in HT duration combined with USMB which was found to be reflective of tissue structural changes and cell death detected using haematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling stain. A significant decrease in QUS spectral parameters was observed at an HT duration of 60 minutes, which is possibly due to loss of nuclei by the majority of cells as confirmed using histology analysis. Morphological alterations within the tumour might have contributed to the decrease in backscatter parameters. Conclusion: The work here uses the QUS technique to assess the efficacy of cancer therapy and demonstrates that the changes in ultrasound backscatters mirrored changes in tissue morphology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".