Psychosocial Insights: Association Of The Male And Female Athlete Triad With Anxiety In Collegiate Athletes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between components of the Female and Male Athlete Triad and anxiety in NCAA Division II athletes. We hypothesized that 1) athletes who have higher disordered eating scores will have higher anxiety, and that 2) there will be an association between reproductive dysfunction and higher anxiety. METHODS: Athletes (n = 57) from a NCAA Division II college completed online questionnaires that assessed disordered eating (Disordered Eating Screen for Athletes; DESA and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short; EDES) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). Additionally, the Hypogonadism Impact of Symptoms Questionnaire Short Form (HIS-Q) and the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) were used to assess reproductive dysfunction in males and females, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine whether measures of disordered eating and reproductive function explained a significant amount of the variance in anxiety. RESULTS: The athletes were 19.6 ± 0.2 years of age including women (n = 40) from the basketball, bowling, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, track & field, and volleyball teams and including men (n = 14) from the volleyball, soccer, tennis, track and field, and cross country teams. Disclosing gender identity was optional (n = 3, did not disclose gender). Anxiety was associated (p < 0.001) with measures of disordered eating (EDES and DESA). In female athletes the total LEAF-Q score did not correlate with anxiety (p = 0.207). However, LEAF-Q menstrual cycle disturbance subscale scores were associated with higher anxiety (p = 0.009). The proportion of variance in anxiety demonstrated by the EDES was 18.0% (R2 = 0.201, p = 0.004) and increased to 28.0% (R2 = 0.317, p < 0.001) when including the LEAF-Q menstrual cycle subscale scores. In males, total HIS-Q was not associated with anxiety (p = 0.802). However, mood (p < 0.001) and sleep (p < 0.001) subscales of the HIS-Q were associated with anxiety. CONCLUSION: Current study reports an association between anxiety and the Athlete Triad. In women both eating and reproductive issues were independently associated with anxiety. Further research is needed to explore different levels of athletes and other mental health conditions, as well as potential interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".