The Anaerobic Speed Reserve Influences Speed And Power Improvements From Repeated-sprint Training In Hypoxia (RSH) In World-class Short-track Speed Skaters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Short-track speed skaters must be extremely powerful and endurant to be successful on the international stage. PURPOSE: To investigate the ergogenic potential and transferability of cycling repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) on key performance indicators in world-class speed skaters with different race profiles. METHODS: Fourteen national team short-track speed skaters (women, n = 6; men, n = 8), including World and Olympic champions and world cup performers, added RSH to their training regime 3 times per week for 3 consecutive weeks. RSH was implemented immediately after specific ice training sessions to prolong metabolic stimulation. Testing included on- and off-ice evaluations routinely performed by the skaters before and 2 and 4 weeks after RSH. Skaters were further classified based on their race profile (endurance, hybrid, sprinter) estimated from fuzzy cluster analysis of the anaerobic speed reserve (top speed - maximal aerobic speed). RESULTS: On-ice top speed measured during a 3-lap test clearly improved in both males (0.8%, Cohen’s effect size ES 0.63, p = 0.03) and females (1.3%, ES 1.04, p = 0.06) 2 weeks post. Concomitantly, males improved their peak power measured during a 7-s cycling sprint (5.1%, ES 0.39, p = 0.04). These changes were not meaningful 4 weeks after. In males only, Wingate average power also improved 4 weeks after RSH (3.3%, ES 0.23, p = 0.08). Training failed to enhance indices of endurance capacity (maximal aerobic power and 27-lap time-trial time). Sub-analysis of race profiles suggested that endurance-type athletes benefited the most from RSH to improve on-ice top speed (ES 0.45 vs hybrid ES 0.32 vs sprinter ES 0.17). CONCLUSION: Although scientific controls could not be added due to low sample size and the extremely high caliber of these athletes, this data demonstrates that cycling RSH can transfer into meaningful improvements on the ice that are associated with neuromuscular function and anaerobic capacity in world-class skaters. This RSH modality tended to benefit males more than females as well as athletes with the smallest anaerobic speed reserve.Supported by Own The Podium
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".