Recovery Dynamics Of HR And HRV In Novice Female Runners After A Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: It is known that delayed cardiac vagal reactivation occurs after high-intensity endurance exercises. However, the recovery dynamics of heart rate and heart rate variability after a maximal incremental exercise test have been studied less in non-athletic population and especially in women. The main aim of the study was to find out the recovery dynamics of HR and HRV immediately after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in novice female runners. METHODS: 28 novice female runners (33.7 ± 4.2 y, 167 ± 7 cm, 67.0 ± 13.0 kg, VO2max 39.0 ± 4.3 ml/kg/min) were selected to participate this study. The results of five participants were excluded from analysis due to missing data or artifacts. The visit to the laboratory included resting ECG, RR interval (RRI) and anthropometric measurements (height, body mass, fat % from the skinfold) and maximal incremental running test with 3-min steps on a treadmill until exhaustion. RRIs were measured continuously during rest, running test and immediate 15-minute sitting recovery. Breath-by-breath VO2 and VCO2 were collected continuously during the test. RESULTS: HRrest was 73 ± 9 bpm, RMSSDrest 31.0 ± 11.7 ms and HFPrest 6.0 ± 0.8 ln ms2. Fast recovery of HR occurred during the first 5 minutes (from 192.2 ± 9.9 to 111.4 ± 2.4 bpm, P < 0.001), after which no significant minute-by-minute recovery was detected. HR recovery during the first minute (HRR1min) was 36.4 ± 9.5 beats. Lower HRrest was associated (r = -0.53, P = 0.016) with faster HR recovery during the recovery. No recovery of RMSSD or HFP was detected during the 15 min recovery. Resting HRV was not associated with HRR or HRV recovery. RMSSD was 15.0 ± 9.2 % of RMSSDrest at the end of the recovery (RMSSD%), and positively associated with HRR15 (r = 0.504, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: No recovery of vagal-derived HRV indices occurred during the 15-minute recovery after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test in novice female runners. This confirms the earlier findings of blunted vagal reactivation after high-intensity exercises also in women. A tendency towards higher RMSSD% when compared to rest was found in those who had faster HR recovery, but overall changes in HRV were minor. The typical fast HR recovery, during the first five minutes in the present study, may reflect more the withdrawal of sympathetic modulation and non-autonomic effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".