A Step-Ramp-Step Treadmill Protocol Predicts Exercise Intensity Domain-Specific vo2 Responses In Running
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The “step-ramp-step” (SRS) protocol improves domain-based exercise intensity prescription in cycling by adjusting the ramp-exercise oxygen uptake (V̇O2) versus work-rate relationship for V̇O2 kinetics and muscle-lung circulatory delay. PURPOSE: This study investigated whether similar corrections are required in running by comparing the accuracy of a treadmill-based SRS protocol with the “classic” (unadjusted) linear approach to predict domain-specific V̇O2 responses. METHODS: Five healthy males (age: 26 ± 9 years) performed a ramp-incremental test (0.6 km·h-1·min-1) from 6 km·h-1 to task failure followed by two constant-speed bouts within the moderate- (MOD - below estimated lactate threshold; LT) and heavy-intensity domains (HVY - between LT and respiratory compensation point; RCP). The V̇O2 at LT and RCP were visually identified by plotting standard breath-by-breath ventilatory and gas exchanges measurements against ramp V̇O2. Then, the corresponding speed at LT and RCP, derived from the unadjusted linear V̇O2-speed relationship from the ramp exercise (“classic” linear approach), were used to establish two domain-specific constant-speed bouts at 50% between: i) baseline and LT (ΔMOD); and ii) LT and RCP (ΔHVY). Constant-speed bouts were performed on separate days, and “measured” end-exercise V̇O2 was compared to “predicted” V̇O2 using a: i) “SRS-corrected” (where MOD and HVY bouts were used to adjust the ramp V̇O2-speed relationship); and ii) unadjusted V̇O2-speed relationship from ramp exercise. RESULTS: The treadmill speeds for ΔMOD, and ΔHVY were 8.1 ± 1.2 and 11.4 ± 2.0 km·h-1, respectively, eliciting end-exercise V̇O2 responses of 2.19 ± 0.28 and 2.81 ± 0.26 L·min-1. The measured end-exercise V̇O2 were not different compared to SRS-predicted V̇O2 at ΔMOD (mean difference: -0.04 ± 0.19 L·min-1; p = 0.70) and ΔHVY (0.08 ± 0.30 L·min-1; p = 0.57). Compared to the classic-predicted V̇O2, the measured end-exercise V̇O2 was not different from predicted for ΔMOD (0.15 ± 0.15 L·min-1; p = 0.09) but was higher for ΔHVY (0.19 ± 0.14 L·min-1; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In healthy individuals, the SRS protocol provides more accurate V̇O2 response predictions than the “classic” linear approach and potentially represents a better alternative for domain-based exercise-intensity prescriptions. Supported by NSERC
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".