Blood Lactate Elevation Is Related To But May Not Mediate Exercise-induced Changes In Cognitive Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increased lactate from skeletal muscle following acute blood flow restricted exercise has been suggested as a potential mediator for increased cognitive function. However, the regulation of body temperature during exercise may compromise this effect. Cooling during the exercise may facilitate an enhancement of cognitive function that would otherwise be negated by the brain using resources to prevent elevations in body temperature. PURPOSE: To assess if changes in cognitive performance would be associated with and/or mediated by changes in blood lactate following exercise with blood flow restriction and cooling. METHODS: 85 participants (44 males, 41 females; 22 ± 3 years) completed all 3 visits. Following familiarization, participants completed two separate conditions in a randomized order: an exercise and a time-matched non-exercise control. Participants performed 15-minute warmup and then five 20-second sprints separated by 40 seconds of active rest (below 50 W) on a commercially available exercise device that combines blood flow restriction and cooling. Whole blood lactate and the Stroop Color Word Test were measured before and after each condition. Data from within-participant correlation and within-participant mediation analyses were presented as the coefficient [95% CI]. The statistical significance was set at p ≤ .05. RESULTS: A greater reduction in the incongruent reaction time (an indicator of cognitive performance) was observed in the exercise condition compared to the control [-19.4 (-33.6, -5.1) ms, p = 0.008]. Lactate was also increased [7.4 (6.7, 8.1) mmol/L, p < 0.001]. As lactate increased within an individual, incongruent reaction time decreased [r = -0.405 (-0.57, -0.20), p = 0.0001]. However, there were no significant indirect effects of the exercise on incongruent reaction time through blood lactate [-54.2 (-122.9, 35.8) ms]. CONCLUSION: Changes in blood lactate and cognitive performance following exercise with blood flow restriction and cooling are associated with each other. However, there was no evidence that lactate mediated the change in cognitive performance. The role of lactate as an energy substrate and signaling molecule in the brain might be more important for the maintenance of enhanced cognitive function following exercise rather than the initial enhancement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".