The Role Of Ovarian Hormones In Appetite Regulation In Post-menopausal Females
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-intensity exercise has demonstrated appetite-suppressing effects in young (18-30), pre-menopausal females that varies depending on menstrual phase, suggesting a potential role of ovarian hormones on post-exercise appetite suppression. Menopause, which involves permanent ovarian function decline, provides a unique opportunity to explore the effect of ovarian hormone withdrawal in the appetite-regulatory response to exercise. PURPOSE: To examine the role of ovarian hormone withdrawal on appetite regulation in post-menopausal females following a high-intensity interval training session (10 x 1 min at 90% heart rate maximum interspersed with 1 min rest; HIIT). METHODS: Post-menopausal females (n = 8; 50.3 ± 7.4y) completed one HIIT and one control (CTRL) session in a counterbalanced order. Acylated ghrelin, active peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), lactate, and subjective appetite were measured pre-exercise, 0, 30, and 90 min post-exercise. Energy intake was assessed for a 3-day period (day before, day of, day after). RESULTS: Acylated ghrelin concentrations were higher in the CTRL session compared to HIIT at 30 min (P = 0.016, d = 0.62) and 90 min post-exercise (P = 0.085, d = 0.60). Active GLP-1 was higher at 30 min (P = 0.011, d = 0.53) and 90 min post-exercise (P = 0.009, d = 0.74) compared to pre-exercise in both sessions, and subjective appetite was lower 0-min (P = 0.009, d = 1.17), 30-min (P = 0.027, d = 0.87) and 90-min (P = 0.003, d = 1.01) post-exercise, compared to pre-exercise in both sessions, indicating an effect of feeding, but not exercise. Lactate was higher 0-min post-exercise (2.5 ± 1.0 mmol) in the HIIT session compared to CTRL (1.0 ± 0.4 mmol; P = 0.012, d = 1.24). Energy intake was greater on the day of the session compared to the day before (P = 0.023, d = 0.55) and the day after (P = 0.010, d = 0.60) in both sessions. CONCLUSION: Exercise suppressed acylated ghrelin, suggesting an appetite-inhibiting response to exercise in post-menopausal females with natural ovarian hormone cessation. The lack of difference in other appetite-regulating hormones, subjective appetite, and energy intake may be the result of less acylated ghrelin suppression due to low lactate accumulation, as lactate is important to exercise-induced appetite suppression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".