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Record W4387114909 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.3444

Antibiotic Prescribing Practices for Urinary Tract Infection in a Pediatric Emergency Department: Is This a Problem Worth Cefix-ing?

2023· article· en· W4387114909 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Jordan Kelly, Trevor Toy, Deonne Dersch‐Mills, Antonia Stang, Cora Constantinescu, Joan Robinson

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of CalgaryAlberta Health Services
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCefiximeNitrofurantoinMedicineAmoxicillinAntibioticsCefdinirInternal medicineUrinary systemTrimethoprimUrinalysisEmergency departmentSulfamethoxazolePediatricsCephalosporinAntibiotic resistanceMicrobiologyBiology

Abstract

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Background: Pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) is associated with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Objective: To determine the least-broad-spectrum oral antibiotic that would cover 80% of pathogens from lower (afebrile) and upper (febrile) UTIs in a Canadian pediatric emergency department (ED). Methods: This retrospective case series involved children discharged from the ED between September 2020 and February 2021 with a diagnosis of UTI and collection of a sample for urinalysis that had growth on culture. Results: Of 188 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 184 (97.9%) were discharged on antibiotics. Culture results indicated a UTI in 170 cases (92.4% of those discharged on antibiotics). The 95 urinary isolates from lower UTIs were susceptible to cephalexin (n = 81, 85.3%), cefixime (n = 78, 82.1%), nitrofurantoin (n = 76, 80.0%), trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP–SMX) (n = 64, 67.4%), and amoxicillin (n = 55, 57.9%). The 75 urinary isolates from upper UTIs were susceptible to cefixime (n = 71, 94.7%), TMP–SMX (n = 57, 76.0%), and amoxicillin (n = 48, 64.0%). The mean prescribed duration of antibiotic therapy was 8.3 days for patients with a lower UTI and 9.1 days for those with an upper UTI (mean difference 0.80 days, 95% confidence interval 0.05–1.54). Conclusions: Empiric treatment with cephalexin or nitrofurantoin would have been successful for almost all lower UTIs. More complete reporting of cephalexin minimal inhibitory concentrations might have allowed use of this drug for most upper UTIs. Although there was a trend toward shorter duration of therapy for lower versus upper UTI, lower UTIs were always treated for longer than recommended by current guidelines. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’infection des voies urinaires (IVU) pédiatrique présente des défis diagnostiques et thérapeutiques. Objectif : Déterminer l’antibiotique oral à large spectre le moins élevé qui couvrirait 80 % des pathogènes des IVU inférieures (sans fièvre) et des IVU supérieures (avec fièvre) dans un service d’urgences pédiatriques canadien. Méthodes : Cette série de cas rétrospective impliquait des enfants sortis du service des urgences entre septembre 2020 et février 2021 avec un diagnostic d’IVU et la collecte d’un échantillon pour une analyse d’urine avec croissance dans la culture d’urine. Résultats : Parmi les 188 patients répondant aux critères d’inclusion, 184 (97,9 %) ont reçu des antibiotiques au moment du congé. Les résultats de la culture ont indiqué une IVU dans 170 cas (92,4 % des patients ayant reçu des antibiotiques au moment du congé). Les 95 isolats urinaires des IVU inférieures étaient sensibles à la céphalexine (n = 81, 85,3 %), au céfixime (n = 78, 82,1 %), à la nitrofurantoïne (n = 76, 80,0 %), au triméthoprime-sulfaméthoxazole (TMP-SMX) (n = 64, 67,4 %) et à l’amoxicilline (n = 55, 57,9 %). Les 75 isolats urinaires des IVU supérieures étaient sensibles au céfixime (n = 71, 94,7 %), au TMP-SMX (n = 57, 76,0 %) et à l’amoxicilline (n = 48, 64,0 %). La durée moyenne de prescription d’antibiotiques était de 8,3 jours pour les patients atteints d’une IVU inférieure et de 9,1 jours pour ceux atteints d’une IVU supérieure (différence moyenne 0,80 jours, IC à 95 % 0,05-1,54). Conclusions : Un traitement empirique avec la céphalexine ou la nitrofurantoïne aurait été efficace pour la grande majorité des infections urinaires inférieures. Un rapport plus complet des concentrations minimales inhibitrices de la céphalexine aurait peut-être permis d’utiliser ce médicament pour la plupart des infections urinaires supérieures. Bien qu’il y ait eu une tendance vers une durée de traitement plus courte pour les infections urinaires inférieures par rapport aux infections urinaires supérieures, les infections urinaires inférieures étaient toujours traitées plus longtemps que ce qui est recommandé par les lignes directrices actuelles.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.097
Threshold uncertainty score0.193

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.008
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.328
Teacher spread0.286 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations3
Published2023
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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