Raman Analysis of Orientation and Crystallinity in High <i>T</i> <sub>g</sub> , Low Crystallinity Electrospun Fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrospun fibers of amorphous or low-crystallinity polymers typically exhibit a low molecular orientation that can hamper their properties and application. A key stage of the electrospinning process that could be harnessed to mitigate the loss of orientation is jet rigidification, which relates closely to the solvent evaporation rate. Here, we establish quantitative Raman methods to assess the molecular orientation and crystallinity of weakly crystalline poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) fibers with varying diameters. Our findings demonstrate that solvent volatility can be leveraged to modulate the orientation and crystallinity through its impact on the effective glass transition temperature ( T g,eff ) of the polymer jet during the electrospinning process. Specifically, a highly volatile solvent yields a higher and more sustained orientation (median ⟨ P 2 ⟩ of 0.53 for diameters < 1.0 µm) because its fast evaporation rapidly increases T g,eff above room temperature. This vitrification early along the jet path promotes the formation of an oriented amorphous phase and a moderate fraction of strain-induced crystals. Our data reveals that a high T g is a crucial parameter for reaching high orientation in amorphous or low-crystallinity polymer systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".