Copper oxide nanoparticles suppress retinal angiogenesis via inducing endothelial cell cuproptosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have demonstrated versatile applications in antitumor and antibacterial contexts, however, their potential as an anti- angiogenesis agent remains unexplored. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the efficacy of CuO NPs in the treatment of pathological angiogenic retinopathy. Results We demonstrated that CuO NPs possess nano-sized dimensions and exhibit well biocompatibility. In vitro experiments revealed that CuO NPs impede the proliferation, tube formation, migration, and sprouting of HUVECs dose-dependently. Subsequently, in vivo findings showed that CuO NPs effectively suppressed the development of retinal vasculature in a mouse model, as well as alleviate pathological retinal angiogenesis in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Furthermore, RNA-seq and metabolomic analysis revealed that CuO NPs disrupt the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and induce cuproptosis. These results were further supported by the evaluation of metabolites and the expression of cuproptosis-related proteins. Conclusions The CuO NPs exhibit potential as effective anti-angiogenic platforms for the treatment of pathological retinal angiogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".