Hearing loss is associated with decreased default-mode network connectivity in individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and hearing loss (HL) have been separately associated with increased dementia risk. These highly co-occurring dementia risk factors are associated with aberrant functional brain connectivity. In individuals with HL aberrant functional connectivity has been associated with cognitive impairment. In individuals with MCI, aberrant brain connectivity has been associated with severity of cognitive impairment and conversion to dementia. Despite the high prevalence of HL in individuals with MCI, the relationship between the two is understudied, especially in the context of functional connectivity. Participants: include 94 older adults with MCI. Hearing measures include pure-tone hearing thresholds and speech-reception thresholds. In analyses with pure-tone hearing loss, participants were classified as having normal hearing (n = 60) or hearing loss (n = 34) based on a pure-tone screening protocol. We used independent component analyses on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to identify the default-mode network (DMN). Analysis of variance with covariate control was used to investigate DMN connectivity differences between the normally hearing individuals with MCI and individuals with MCI and pure-tone HL. A linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between speech-reception threshold and DMN connectivity in the whole sample.Compared to those with MCI and normal hearing, those with MCI and pure-tone HL had decreased connectivity between the DMN and the caudate and thalamus. There was no difference in DMN connectivity as a function of speech-reception threshold.Our findings indicate that in individuals with MCI, HL is associated with decreased connectivity between the DMN and regions important for sensory and cognitive processing. This suggests that the increased risk for cognitive decline and dementia in individuals with HL may be due to decreased DMN connectivity in individuals with HL.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".