Characterization of the Cytotoxic T lymphocytes Acute Response Following Continuous Moderate Intensity and High Intensity Interval Exercise in Metastatic Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Tumor-bearing animal studies have suggested that each aerobic exercise bout may acutely promote the infiltration of effector CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) in tumoral tissue and enhance the anti-tumor immune response. Exercise intensity being the main driver of this acute immune response, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) might be a promising strategy to stimulate anti-cancer immunity in cancer patients. Yet, so far, the acute effects of moderate continuous (MOD) and HIIE on circulating T-cells remain unknown in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Objective: To characterise the acute CTLs response following a MOD and a work matched HIIE trial in metastatic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Eleven participants (45-65 years old) underwent a block-randomized crossover trial with a MOD and a duration and work-matched HIIE trial. Blood draws were performed before, after and 1h after each trial. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stained to identify CTLs (CD3+CD8+), naive, central memory, effector memory (EM) and TEMRA (CCR7/CD45RA). EM and TEMRA were evaluated for their expression of CD28, PD-1, CD95, CXCR3 and CXCR4. Blood levels at each timepoint were computed using complete blood counts with leukocyte differentials. Results: Total, CD28-, CD95+ and CXCR3+ TEMRA CTLs blood levels increased immediately following both trials and decreased back to baseline levels 1h after exercise cessation (all p < 0.01). No statistically significant response to exercise was found in any of the EM subsets analyzed, although borderline significant post-exercise increases were found in PD-1+ EM cells (p = 0.052). Significant changes in the MFI values of these markers were found in both EM and TEMRA cells, suggesting that exercise may acutely modify the expression at the single cell level. Conclusion: In metastatic cancer patients, a MOD and a work-matched HIIE session both induced the preferential blood mobilization and egress of CXCR3+ TEMRA cells. This is consistent with the hypothesis that exercise might stimulate tumor infiltration by effector CTLs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".