“Making Canada’s Refugee System Faster and Fairer”: Reviewing the Stated Goals and Unintended Consequences of the 2012 Reform
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[Introduction]: "Over the past decade, the Canadian government has changed our refugee protection system markedly. Between 2006 and 2015, the Conservative Government amended the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) (S.C. 2001, c. 27) and associated regulations numerous times, although two recent bills stand out: the Balanced Refugee Reform Act (Bill C-11, 2010) and the Protecting Canada’s Immigration System Act (Bill C-31, 2012). These bills significantly altered the operation of the refugee status determination (RSD)1 system through “designated country of origin” (DCO) criteria (IRPA, s. 109), “designated irregular arrivals” (IRPA, s. 20.1(1)), and a host of new procedural frameworks."
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.027 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.019 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".