OC05.02: Metabolic profile of children and neonates born small for gestational age: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis suggests that risk factors from intrauterine environmental exposures affect the fetus' development and increases the risk of specific diseases in later life. Aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the metabolic status of neonates and children who had been small for gestational age (SGA). Four different literature databases were searched for studies comparing neonates and children who had been SGA to neonates and children who had been AGA in terms of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol HDL, LDL and triglycerides. Risk of bias was assessed using newcastle ottawa scale. We estimated the standardised mean difference as effect estimate along with its 95% confidence interval using random effect model separately for neonates and children. In addition, we performed meta-regression analysis including, criteria used for the diagnosis of SGA, children's age and BMI. Moreover, we investigated the correlation between glucose and insulin in the SGA and AGA neonates and children by applying different linear and not linear models. Our search yielded 18546 studies, of which 75 were included in this study. Compared to children who had been AGA, children who had been SGA present with higher levels of insulin (SMD 1.85; 95% CI 0.12 – 3.59), higher levels of triglycerides (SMD 0.14; 95% CI 0.03 – 0.26) and lower levels of HDL (SMD -0.18; 95% CI -0.29 - -0.06). There were no differences between neonates who had been AGA and those who had been SGA. Moreover, neonates and children who had been SGA present non-linear pattern, cubic polynomial correlation between glucose and insulin, while neonates and children who had been SGA present a linear correlation. Children who had been SGA present with aggravated metabolic characteristics compared to children who had been AGA, while both children and neonates who had been SGA present distinct correlation between glucose and insulin compared to children and neonates who had been AGA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.019 | 0.036 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".