Enhancing Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Simultaneously Triggering Metal and Lattice Oxygen Redox Pair in Iridium Loading on Ni‐Doped Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Since the active sites in catalytic systems are either metal sites or lattice oxygen, simultaneously triggering metal and lattice oxygen redox pair with low energy barriers is expected to provide diversified and efficient sites to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics, but this is a great challenge. Herein, Ir species (Ir clusters and Ir single atoms) loaded on Ni‐doped Co 3 O 4 is designed (Ir/Ni‐Co 3 O 4 ), where metallic Ir clusters downsize to spread into high‐density Ir single atoms to load on reconstruction‐derived Ni‐doped CoOOH. In situ spectroscopy, isotope‐labeled, and chemical probe experiments demonstrate that metal site and lattice oxygen are simultaneously activated to participate in the OER. Further theoretical studies demonstrate that the Co site is the most favorable site to promote the OER through an adsorbate evolution mechanism with a low energy barrier of 1.69 eV. The Ni cooperating with Ir atoms synergistically upshifts energy positions of the O p band centers. Thus, the lattice O that bridges Ni and Ir atoms is activated to participate in the OER via coupling with adsorbed O on the Ir site to fulfill O─O bond formation. Benefiting from the conjoint participation of the metal and lattice oxygen redox pair, Ir/Ni‐Co 3 O 4 affords extremely low OER overpotentials of 177 and 263 mV at corresponding 10 and 500 mA cm −2 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".