Nonlinear Wave Growth Analysis of Chorus Emissions modulated by field line resonance and mirror-mode ULF waves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have found that chorus waves can be generated in the troughs of the compressional ULF waves. Here, we report for the first time the periodic excitation of chorus waves near ULF wave crests, which is attributed to different modes of the observed ULF waves. We demonstrate that latitudinal profile of the ULF waves can play important roles in excitation of chorus waves on the basis of nonlinear generation theory of chorus emissions. Field line resonance (FLR) mode results in chorus wave excitation near ULF wave troughs, while the mirror mode causes chorus near the wave crest. Chorus wave occurrence near the ULF wave crests is attributed to the antisymmetric field profiles of mirror-mode ULF waves, which periodically modulate the threshold amplitude by modifying the second-order derivative of the background dipole field. FLR ULF wave with the symmetric profile of magnetic field with respect to the equator fosters chorus wave excitation near ULF wave trough. The good agreement between the theory and the observations highlights the effects of ULF wave field configuration in modulating chorus waves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".