Numerical analysis of oxygen uptake processes by red blood cells in stopped-flow measurements: Effects of cell shape, membrane permeability and unstirred layer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transport process of oxygen and other gas species across red blood cell (RBC) membrane is of great importance for better understanding the critical biological functions of RBCs, and the stopped-flow experiments have often been employed for such investigations. In previous stopped-flow analyses, the RBC had usually been represented by a spherical capsule based on the RBC volume, and an assumed unstirred layer (USL) thickness had been used to determine the membrane permeability. In this research, unlike these previous studies, we simulate the oxygen uptake process with different RBC shapes (shperical, ellipsoidal and biconcave) and examine the effects of USL thickness and membrane permeability over broad ranges based on literature values. Our results show that the excess membrane area can greatly improve the oxygen transport efficiency, and a same uptake half-time can be obtained using different combinations of USL thickness and membrane permeability. These findings raise concerns on the reliability and uncertainty for the results and conclusions in previous studies, and also call for more complete numerical models, for example, with the fluid flow and cell deformation considered, and more in-depth investigations on the oxygen transport processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".