Deep Fuzzy Envelope Sample Generation Mechanism for Imbalanced Ensemble Classification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ensemble methods are widely used to tackle class imbalance problem. However, for existing imbalanced ensemble (IE) methods, the samples in each subset are resampled from the same dataset, and are directly input to the classifier for training, so the quality (diversity and separability) of the subsets is unsatisfactory usually. To solve the problem, a deep fuzzy envelope sample generation mechanism is proposed. First, the fuzzy C-means clustering based deep sample envelope prenetwork (DSEN) is designed to mine correlation information among samples, thereby increasing the quality of the subsets. Second, the local manifold structure metric and global structure distribution metric are designed to construct local-global structure consistency mechanism (LGSCM) to enhance distribution consistency of interlayer samples of DSEN. Third, the DSEN and LGSCM are combined to form the final deep sample envelope network–DSENLG to refresh the existing subsets. Finally, base classifiers are applied on the new subsets generated by the DSENLG and then fused, thereby realizing a new IE algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is significantly better than existing representative IE algorithms and it achieves the highest improvement of 10.64%, 19.5%, 18.67% and 22.33% on four criteria over the state-of-the-art methods. The originality of the article is threefold: proposing the concept of “deep fuzzy samples” or “envelope samples”, which comprehensively considers the correlation information among original samples; proposing the LGSCM to resolve the distribution inconsistency of interlayer samples; and forming an fuzzy envelope sample based IE algorithm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".