Consequences of directly- and indirectly-experienced heat stress in a mutagenic environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Climate change increases the frequency and duration of heat events. Negative effects of heat stress may be exacerbated through the action of social metabolites between aquatic animals. Whilst early life stages are vulnerable to stress-induced damage, they deploy cellular mechanisms to protect cells against mutagens such as ultraviolet rays (UV). Little is known about the fate of fish embryos which have experienced heat stress in a mutagenic environment. The present study exposed zebrafish embryos to one of three stress history treatments consisting of direct heat stress (TS+UV), the social context of heat stress via social metabolites (SM+UV), and their combination in TS+SM+UV before a UVB/UVA damage/repair assay. We measured phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to these treatments, and estimated mutational damage through DNA mutation frequencies and RNA integrity values. Compared to UV-treated controls (C+UV), the social context of heat stress history preceding the UV assay altered keratin and cell structuring-related pathways, associated with longer embryos with over-developed pericardia displaying behavioural hypoactivity. Relative to C+UV, direct heat stress history preceding UV exposure had a hormetic effect by stimulating the cellular stress response and facilitating DNA repair, which rescued embryos from subsequent UV damage and improved their apparent fitness. However, heat stress combined with social metabolites overwhelmed embryos in the UV assay, which annihilated the hormetic effect, introduced mutations, and lowered their apparent fitness. Whilst generated in the laboratory, these findings provide an important baseline for understanding the consequences of heat stress history in natural environments, where heat stress occurs within a social context. Highlights Heat stress had a hormetic effect against UV damage, by stimulating the heat shock response, antioxidants, and DNA repair. The heat hormetic effect protected and/or rescued embryos from UV damage by reducing single nucleotide variants observed in RNA, lowering malformations, and accelerating development. Heat-stressed embryos released social metabolites that initiated keratin, immune, and cellular structuring responses in receivers, in turn increasing body sizes but without reducing UV-induced malformations. Heat combined with social metabolites overwhelmed embryos in response to UV, reducing fitness-relevant performance. Heat stress during early embryogenesis led to differential fitness-relevant outcomes showing a nonlinear relationship with stress intensity. Summary statement Sublethal heat stress protects zebrafish embryos in a mutagenic environment, but this protective effect is lost when zebrafish embryos additionally stress each other via chemical cues. Graphical abstract
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".