The inner working angle you need to detect ocean glints with HabWorlds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
NASA recently announced the Habitable Worlds Observatory, a coronagraphic mission to detect rocky planets in their habitable zones, assess their habitability, and search for biosignatures. Surface liquid water is central to the definition of planetary habitability. Photometric and polarimetric phase variations are one of the main ways we expect to be able to detect oceans, via specular reflections off the surface water. The range of scattering phases accessible for an exoplanet can be limited by its orbital inclination or the coronagraph’s inner working angle. We use the list of target stars for the Habitable Worlds Observatory to estimate the number of exo-Earths that could be searched for non-Lambertian scattering phenomena. Here we will present our methodology and the relationship between inner working angle and accessible phase angles. From these results, we quantify the number of systems for which we expect to be able to detect ocean glint (and other scattering processes), as a function of the accessible inner working angle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".