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Search for Extended Sources of Neutrino Emission in the Galactic Plane with IceCube
Rasha Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Jean-Marco Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Yosuke Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, Vedant Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, Chiara Bellenghi, Charlotte Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Besson, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, Federico Bontempo, Julia Book, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, Etienne Bourbeau, J. Braun, Bennett Brinson, Jannes Brostean-Kaiser, Ryan T. Burley, Raffaela Busse, Delaney Butterfield, Michael Campana, K. Carloni, Erin Carnie-Bronca, S. Chattopadhyay, Thien Nhan Chau, Kunal Deoskar, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, Brian Clark, Lew Classen, Alan Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Paul Coppin, Pablo Correa, D. F. Cowen, Pranav Dave, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado, S. Deng, Abhishek Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, Markus Dittmer, Alba Domi, Hrvoje Dujmović, M. A. DuVernois, Thomas Ehrhardt, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, Sharif El Mentawi, Dominik Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, Ke Fang, Kareem Ramadan Farrag, A. R. Fazely, Anatoli Fedynitch, Nora Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, Alexander Fritz, Philipp Fürst, J. S. Gallagher, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, L. Gerhardt, Christian Gläser, Theo Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, N. Goehlke, J. G. González, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, Oliver Gries, S. Griffin, Spencer Griswold, Kathrine Mørch Groth, C. Günther, Pascal Gutjahr, Christian Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, H. Hamdaoui, Martin Ha Minh, K. Hanson, John Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, K. Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, Felix Henningsen, Lars Philipp Heuermann, Nils Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, Sam Hori, K. Hoshina, Wenjie Hou, Thomas Huber, K. Hultqvist, Mirco Hünnefeld, Raamis Hussain, Karolin Hymon, S. In, A. Ishihara, M. Jacquart, Oliver Janik, Matti Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, Minjin Jeong, Miaochen Jin, B. J. P. Jones, Donghwa Kang, Woosik Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, Leonora Kardum, T. Karg, Martina Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, A. Khatee Zathul, Ali Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, Alina Kochocki, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, Tomas Kontrimas, L. Köpke, Claudio Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, Michael Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, Tetiana Kozynets, J. Krishnamoorthi, K. Kruiswijk, Emmett Krupczak, Anil Kumar, Emma Kun, N. Kurahashi, Neha Navnitkumar Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, Silvia Latseva, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, J. W. Lee, Kayla Leonard DeHolton, Agnieszka Leszczyńska, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Maria Liubarska, Elisa Lohfink, C. Love, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, William Luszczak, Yang Lyu, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Yuya Makino, Elena Manao, Sarah Mancina, W. Marie Sainte, Ioana Codrina Mariş, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, M. Marsee, Ivan Martínez-Soler, R. Maruyama, Finn Mayhew, Thomas McElroy, Frank McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Sarah Mechbal, Andrés Medina, Maximilian Meier, Yarno Merckx, Lukas Merten, Jessie Micallef, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Tridib Mukherjee, Richard Naab, R. Nagai, M. Nakos, Uwe Naumann, Jannis Necker, Akshima Negi, M. Neumann, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, A. Noell, A. Novikov, Sarah Nowicki, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Vivian O'Dell, M. Oehler, Bob Oeyen, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, John W. Osborn, Erin O’Sullivan, Hershal Pandya, N. Park, Grant Parker, Ek Narayan Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Josh Peterson, Saskia Philippen, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Axel Pontén, Yuriy Popovych, Maria Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, Christoph Raab, John Rack-Helleis, K. Rawlins, Zoë Rechav, Abdul Rehman, Patrick Reichherzer, Giovanni Renzi, E. Resconi, Simeon Reusch, W. Rhode, Benedikt Riedel, Adam Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, Julian Saffer, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, Alexander Sandrock, M. Santander, Sourav Sarkar, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, Pierpaolo Savina, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, Lea Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, Felix Schlüter, Nick Schmeisser, T. Schmidt, Judith Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Georg Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, M. Seikh, S. Seunarine, R. Shah, Ankur Sharma, S. Shefali, Nobuhiro Shimizu, M. Silva, Barbara Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, Dennis Soldin, Philipp Soldin, Giacomo Sommani, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, M. Stamatikos, Todor Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter–Antonyan, Matthias Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, Jessie Thwaites, S. Tilav, Kirsten Tollefson, Christoph Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, Alexander Trettin, C. F. Tung, Roxanne Turcotte, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, B. Ty, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Anuj Kumar Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. V. Santen, J. Vara, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, Stef Verpoest, Doğa Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, C. Weaver, Philip Weigel, A. Weindl, Jan Weldert, C. Wendt, Johannes Werthebach, Mark Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, N. Willey, D. R. Williams, Annika Wolf, Martin Wolf, Gerrit Wrede, Xiaolin Xu, Emre Burak Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, G. B. Yu, S. Yu, Tianlu Yuan, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, Melany Zimmerman
Bibliographic record
VenueThe Astrophysical Journal · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaQueen's University
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversitySantenChiba UniversityKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftMichigan State UniversityNational Research FoundationVetenskapsrådetUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Advanced CyberinfrastructureEuropean CommissionWestern Canada Research GridFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetCompute CanadaMarquette University
KeywordsPhysicsNeutrinoGalactic planeAstrophysicsCosmic rayGalaxyAstronomyMuonNeutrino astronomyNeutrino detectorNeutrino oscillationNuclear physics
Abstract
Abstract The Galactic plane, harboring a diffuse neutrino flux, is a particularly interesting target in which to study potential cosmic-ray acceleration sites. Recent gamma-ray observations by HAWC and LHAASO have presented evidence for multiple Galactic sources that exhibit a spatially extended morphology and have energy spectra continuing beyond 100 TeV. A fraction of such emission could be produced by interactions of accelerated hadronic cosmic rays, resulting in an excess of high-energy neutrinos clustered near these regions. Using 10 years of IceCube data comprising track-like events that originate from charged-current muon neutrino interactions, we perform a dedicated search for extended neutrino sources in the Galaxy. We find no evidence for time-integrated neutrino emission from the potential extended sources studied in the Galactic plane. The most significant location, at 2.6 σ post-trials, is a 1.°7 sized region coincident with the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source 3HWC J1951+266. We provide strong constraints on hadronic emission from several regions in the galaxy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.587
Threshold uncertainty score0.288
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.255
Teacher spread0.239 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations14
Published2023
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes