"A Year Probably Never Before Equaled . . .": The Klein Chocolate Company Team and its Nine-Game Major League Run of 1919
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the spring and summer of 1919, a semipro company baseball team known as the Klein Chocolate Company Team took local baseball fans in southcentral Pennsylvania on a wild and unforgettable inaugural run of success, culminating in an unheard of nine-game run against major league talent.Today it's almost unthinkable to imagine major league owners or managers allowing their rosters to go up against minor leaguers, semipros, or local amateurs, but back in 1919 it was just another aspect of the game.To understand the Klein Chocolate Company Team (often referred to as the "Lunch Bars" or the "Chocolatiers" in the local media), one must first understand the story of their industrial patrons William and Frederick Klein and how these two brothers of immigrant parents built a successful semiprofessional baseball unit.Such a story as this plays on the time-honored and culturally significant tradition of many American immigrants vying to integrate deeper into American society through the love of American sports.In this case, the Kleins did not just integrate themselves to American culture with a love of baseball, but they also used it to further their own economic interests.In March of 1883, Gottfried Klein emigrated from Germany with his family to Lancaster, Pennsylvania and settled into a home on Woodward Street, where he remarried and had two more sons-the aforementioned William and Frederick Klein-plus five more children. 1In an effort to support their growing clan, William and Frederick took to selling newspapers and traditional German chocolate eggs on the streets of Lancaster's Penn Square.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".